PHARMACOLOGY: PRACTICE 1

                                     SINGLE BEST OPTION SERIES

               INSTRUCTION: SELECT THE SINGLE BEST OPTION:
 
       

1.         Concerning the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones, which of the following is incorrect?
   a.       They inhibit the beta-lactam ring of bacteria
   b.      They block bacterial DNA synthesis
   c.       They are DNA gyrase inhibitors
   d.      They inhibit topoisomerase IV.
   e.      None of the above.
   2.       The following are fluoroquinolones except:
   a.       Nalidixic acid
   b.      Gatifloxacin
   c.       Gemifloxacin
   d.      Lomefloxacin
   e.      None of the above.
   3.       Which of the following is the least active of the fluoroquinolones against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms?
   a.       Ciprofloxacin
   b.      Norfloxacin
   c.       Levofloxacin
   d.      Enoxacin
   e.      Ofloxacin
   4.       Which of the following is incorrect about ciprofloxacin?
   a.       It possess excellent activity against Gram-negative bacteria
   b.      It has excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria
   c.       Streptococci and enterococci tend to be less susceptible to this drug than staphylococci.
   d.      Levofloxacin has superior activity against Gram-positive organisms than ciprofloxacin.
   e.      None of the above.
   5.       Fluoroquinolones are usually active against the following organisms except:
   a.       Mycoplasma
   b.      Chlamydiae
   c.       Legionella pnemophila
   d.      Mycobacterium tuberculosis
   e.      None of the above.
   6.       Which of the following is incorrect about the fluoroquinolones?
   a.       Resistance to these drugs may be plasmid-mediated.
   b.      Resistance to one fluoroquinolone  generally confer cross-resistance to all other members of this class.
   c.       After oral administration, their absorption is facilitated by divalent and trivalent cations, including those in antacids.
   d.      The relatively long half-life of levofloxacin usually permits once-daily dosing.
   e.      Most fluoroquinolones are eliminated by renal mechanisms.
   7.       Concerning the clinical use of the fluoroquinolones, which of the following is inappropriate?
   a.       They are usually ineffective for treating bacterial diarrhoea caused by shigella, salmonella, enterotoxigenic E. coli and campylobacter.
   b.      They are effective in treating urinary tract infection caused by many organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
   c.       These agents may be suitable for eradication of meningococci from carriers or for prophylaxis of infection in neutropenic cancer patients.
   d.      Non-renally cleared fluoroquinolones are relatively contraindicated in patients with hepatic failure.
   e.      Levofloxacin may be used as a second-line drug for treating pulmonary tuberculosis.
   8.       Concerning the side effects of fluoroquinolones, which of the following is incorrect?
   a.       The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
   b.      Levofloxacin may cause ECG finding of prolongation of the QT_c interval.
   c.       Tendonitis may rarely occur in adults.
   d.      Fluoroquinolones are generally encouraged to be taken during pregnancy.
   e.      Patients may develop abnormal liver function test when these drugs
   9.       Fluoroquinolones are not routinely recommended for patients under eighteen years of age mainly because they may:
   a.       Damage the lens and cause blindness
   b.      Damage growing cartilage and cause an arthropathy.
   c.       Cause renal and hepatic failure.
   d.      Cause hyperglycaemia
   e.      Cause gray baby syndrome.
   10.   The following fluoroquinolones are renally cleared from the body except:
   a.       Moxifloxacin
   b.      Ciprofloxacin
   c.       Levofloxacin
   d.      Ofloxacin
   e.      None of the above.
   
   
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