HISTOPATHOLOGY: PRACTICE 2

                              SINGLE BEST OPTION SERIES
              INSTRUCTION: SELECT THE SINGLE BEST OPTION

1.        Heart failure cells are:
   a.       Kerley B lines
   b.      Haemosiderin laden macrophages
   c.       Hypertrophied myocytes
   d.      Amyloid deposits
   e.      Lambl excrescence.
   2.       Which of the following is the commonest cause of right-sided heart failure?
   a.       Recurrent pulmonary embolism
   b.      Left-sided heart failure
   c.       Primary pulmonary hypertension
   d.      Chronic sleep apnoea
   e.      Altitude sickness
   3.       When lung diseases causing pulmonary hypertension result in right-sided heart failure, it is best described as:
   a.       Corpulmonale
   b.      Eisenmenger complex
   c.       Centrilobular necrosis
   d.      Diving reflex
   e.      Balanced polymorphism
   4.       Which of the following is usually incorrect about right-sided heart failure?
   a.       Pulmonary congestion is prominent
   b.      In vast majority of cases, the only morphological findings in the heart are hypertrophy and dilatation of the right atrium and ventricles.
   c.       There is “nutmeg liver” from chronic passive congestion of the liver
   d.      There may be cardiac cirrhosis
   e.      Portal hypertension may produce congestive splenomegaly
   5.       Which of the following is incorrect about heart failure?
   a.       Clinical features of left-sided heart failure are usually related to systemic and portal venous congestion.
   b.       Congestion of the kidneys is more marked with right-sided heart failure than the left-sided type.
   c.       More pronounced azotemia occur in right-sided than left-sided heart failure
   d.      Centrilobular necrosis in the liver may occur in right-sided heart failure
   e.      Anasarca may occur in right-sided heart failure.
   6.       The following are usual features of right-sided heart failure except:
   a.       Hepatosplenomegaly
   b.      Impaired absorption of nutrients from the bowel
   c.       Ascites and pleural effusion
   d.      Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.
   e.      Pedal oedema
   7.       Which of the following is incorrect about the epidemiology of congenital heart diseases?
   a.       The incidence is approximately 1%
   b.      They are the commonest type of heart disease in children
   c.       The incidence is higher in premature infants
   d.      The commonest congenital heart disease is atrial septal defect
   e.      None of the above
   8.       The following genes are thought to be expressed in cardiac embryology except:
   a.       TBX 5
   b.      Hand 1 and Hand 2
   c.       NKX 2.5
   d.      FGF-10
   e.      PAX-4
   9.       The following syndromes presents with congenital cardiac malformation except:
   a.       Holt-Oram syndrome
   b.      Turner syndrome
   c.       Stauffer syndrome
   d.      Digeorge syndrome
   e.      Alangille syndrome
   10.   Which of the following is incorrect about congenital heart diseases?
   a.       The most common heart defect in Down syndrome is in the endocardial cushion (e.g. the arioventricular septa and valves)
   b.      Ventricular septa defect is more likely to be transmitted to offspring of affected fathers than mothers
   c.       Environmental factors may contribute to congenital heart disease
   d.      Maternal gestational diabetes may cause congenital heart defect in a foetus
   e.      None of the above.
   
   
   ANSWERS:
   1. b
   2. b
   3. a
   4. a
   5. a
   6. d
   8. e
   9. c
   10. b 
   
   
   
   
                                           REMEMBER
   ” Some people sin by not working diligently for six days whereas, others – because of greed, unbelief or powerlessness- sin by working also on a day of rest and worship. Either way of breaking this   command results in poverty.”   By  Vishal Mangalwadi.