ORTHOPAEDICS: PRACTICE 1

                                 SINGLE BEST OPTION SERIES
                INSTRUCTION: SELECT THE SINGLE BEST OPTION

1.        Which of the following is incorrect about the vertebral column?
   a.       There are seven cervical vertebrae
   b.      The spinal column at birth has only one curvature
   c.       Lordosis occur in the cervical and thoracic segment
   d.      The adult vertebral column is sigmoid shape
   e.      The sacral segment is kyphotic when viewed from the side of the body
   2.       There are .......................number of vertebrae in man
   a.       23
   b.      33
   c.       43
   d.      53
   e.      20
   3.       The vertebra column, counting from the head starts from.............................bone
   a.       Atlas
   b.      Axis
   c.       Coccyx
   d.      Sacrum
   e.      Pterion
   4.       The twisting of the back of an individual either to the right or left side when a person is viewed from the rear, is best referred to as:
   a.       Lordosis
   b.      Kyphosis
   c.       Scoliosis
   d.      Kyphoscoliosis
   e.      None of the above
   5.       Which of the following is incorrect about developmental changes in the vertebral column and gait during childhood?
   a.       To avoid developing abnormal curvatures or swayed back, children should be taught good postures while standing and good gait during walking
   b.      Since most of the rapid growth of the vertebral column takes place at adolescence, it is prone to bending or twisting.
   c.       The idea gait on movement is to have the head held high and chest-out.
   d.      Square stance promotes erect posture and lousy stance encourages swayed back.
   e.      None of the above
   6.       Which of the following is incorrect?
   a.       In old age, the strength of the backbone diminishes as it loses the calcium content
   b.      Low back pain in a normal woman during pregnancy is usually severe
   c.       Women, who have repeated pregnancies especially at frequent intervals, usually lose calcium from their backbone which may become osteoporotic.
   d.      Unorthodox sexual positions may harm the backbone.
   e.      Beyond the third decade of life, the backbone become accident prone having lost some of its toughness and also prone to infection as the immune system weakens.
   7.       The following may cause low back pain in pregnant women except:
   a.       Incarcerated gravid uterus
   b.      Retroverted gravid uterus
   c.       Ectopic pregnancy
   d.      Blighted pregnancy
   e.      None of the above
   8.       Which of the following is incorrect about posture of the body?
   a.       When standing for long time, it is good to keep one foot in front and the other limb slightly bent and then alternating the limbs from time to time
   b.      In sitting at rest, the knee should be slightly raised above the thigh level by 5 degrees and the feet rested on an inclined plain of 25 to 30 degrees
   c.       Walking around after standing for up to one hour can easily reduce fatigue pain
   d.      Lying face done when sleeping is very good for the backbone
   e.      What the backbone abhors the most is monotony as in long seating or standing
   9.       To minimize the bad effect of occupation on the backbone, which of the following should be discouraged?
   a.       Taxi drivers should rest lying or walking and exercise after every one or more hours of continuous driving.
   b.      A cab driver should use a contoured seat with cushion support to the lumbar area
   c.       The ideal way to lift heavy object is to bend the two knees astride the object which is kept close to the lower limbs.
   d.      Housewife, who scrubs and polishes the floor or sweeps the homes manually without modern gadgets, is better off standing and bending to do such jobs.
   e.      The ideal office chair should have lumbar convexity support and at a 15 degree inclination to the vertical
   10.   Which of the following is inconsistent with maintaining good posture?
   a.       Do not use high heel shoes if there is low back pain
   b.      Do not rise from sitting position suddenly
   c.       Walk instead of standing around or sitting idle
   d.      It is good to rest and sleep using a soft and easily compressible mattress
   e.      Overweight increases strain on the backbone as seen in those with protuberant abdomen
   
   
   
   
   ANSWERS: 
   1. c
   2. b
   3. a
   4. a
   5. e
   6. b
   7. e
   8. d
   9. d
   10. d
   
   
    
                                           REMEMBER
   ” Some people sin by not working diligently for six days whereas, others – because of greed, unbelief or powerlessness- sin by working also on a day of rest and worship. Either way of breaking this   command results in poverty.”   By  Vishal Mangalwadi.