PHARMACOLOGY: PRACTICE 7

SINGLE BEST OPTION SERIES

         INSTRUCTION: SELECT THE SINGLE BEST OPTION

1.         Insulin can be administered via the following routes except:
   a.       Subcutaneous
   b.      Intravenous
   c.       Intramuscular
   d.      Intraperitoneal
   e.      None of the above
   2.       The following are long acting insulin except
   a.       Insulin detemir
   b.      Insulin levemir
   c.       Insulin glulisine
   d.      Insulin glargine
   e.      None of the above
   3.        Concerning the sulphonylureas, which of the following is incorrect?
   a.       Some sulphonamides inhibit the metabolism of tolbutamide and this may lead to prolonged hypoglycaemia
   b.      Metronidazole is a non-competitive inhibitor of microsomal enzymes and inhibits the metabolism of sulphonylureas
   c.       They should be avoided in women who are breastfeeding their infants
   d.      Gliclazide is a long acting sulphonylurea
   e.      Tolbutamide and glipizide may cause agranulocytosis
   4.       Which of the following is incorrect about chlorpropamide?
   a.       It interacts with drugs that depend on hepatic oxidative catabolism
   b.      It is contraindicated in patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency
   c.       Dosages higher than 500mg daily increases the risk of jaundice
   d.      It is the first-line drug for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
   e.      Hyperaemic flush after alcohol ingestion may occur in genetically predisposed patients
   5.       Metformin is pharmacologically classified as:
   a.       Insulin secretagogue
   b.      D-phenylalanine derivative
   c.       Biguanide  
   d.      Second generation sulphonylurea
   e.      Meglitinide
   6.       Contraindications to rosiglitazone in the management of diabetics include the following except:
   a.       Pregnancy
   b.      Significant liver disease
   c.       Concurrent diagnosis of heart failure
   d.      Renal impairment 
   e.      Patient’s refusal
   7.       Which of the following is incorrect about pramlintide?
   a.       It is an injectable antihyperglycaemic synthetic analog of amylin
   b.      It is approved for preprandial use in persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in addition to insulin in those unable to achieve their target postprandial blood sugar
   c.       It suppresses glucagon release, delays gastric emptying and has centrally mediated anorectic effects
   d.      It is renally metabolized metabolized and excreted but even at low creatinine clearance, there is no significant in its bioavailability
   e.      The most reliable absorption is obtained with subcutaneous injection in the deltoid area of the arms.
   8.       The rate of insulin absorption can be influenced by the following except:
   a.       The type of insulin formulation
   b.      Site of administration
   c.       Skin temperature
   d.      Local massage and exercise
   e.      None of the above
   9.       Which of the following is incorrect about insulin glargine?
   a.       It has a slow onset of action and achieves maximum effect after 4 to 6 hours
   b.      It is usually given as once daily dosage
   c.       It should be mixed with other insulin in the same syringe
   d.      Its maximum activity is maintained for about 11 to 24 hours
   e.      None of the above
   10.   An example of intermediate acting insulin is:
   a.       NPH Novolin R
   b.      Insulin glulisine
   c.       Regular Humulin R
   d.      Insulin glargine
   e.      Insulin lispro
   
   
   ANSWERS:
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PAEDIATRICS CLINICALS: PRACTICE 8

SINGLE BEST OPTION SERIES

         INSTRUCTION: SELECT THE SINGLE BEST OPTION


 

1.       Serial weight monitoring is crucial in the following conditions except:

a.       Protein-energy malnutrition

b.      Febrile convulsions

c.       Nephrotic syndrome

d.      Failure to thrive

e.      Tuberculosis

2.       Properties of ideal sphygmomanometer cuff and bladder include the following except:

a.       The cuff should cover at least two-thirds of the arm

b.      The bladder should surround at most 90% of the arm circumference

c.       Cuffs that are too big gives false low blood pressure

d.      The cuff should be placed at about two centimetres above the cubital fossa

e.      Cuffs that are too small gives false high blood pressure

3.       Parts of an oxygen cylinder for oxygen therapy include the following except:

a.       Pressure gauge

b.      Flow metre

c.       Indicator light

d.      Bubble humidifier

e.      Tank

4.       Nasogastric tube is usually used to make diagnosis of the following conditions except:

a.       Choana atresia

b.      Asherman’s syndrome

c.       Trachea-oesophageal fistula

d.      Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

e.      None of the above

5.       Which of the following parts of an endotracheal tube is paired with the wrong function?

a.       Cuff......................................prevents aspiration of fluid into the lungs

b.      Murphy’s eye.......................prevents leakage of gas

c.       Tube.....................................connected to oxygen source

d.      Pilot......................................for inflating the cuff

e.      None of the above

6.       The benefits of nebulizer compressor unit include the following except:

a.       It delivers larger dose of medication than would be received from several puffs of an inhaler

b.      It is useful in patients too ill to handle inhalers

c.       Useful for patients that are too young to handle inhalers

d.      It is useful when drugs such as pentamidine are not available in hand held inhalers

e.      None of the above

7.       The following are appropriate statements about examination of the eye with an ophthalmoscope except:

a.       Papilloedema is a common finding in paediatric patients with meningitis

b.      It helps to exclude raised intracranial pressure before a lumbar puncture is done

c.       The rule for using the ophthalmoscope is using the right hand and right eye to examine the right eye of the patient and vice versa

d.      Ideally, dilation of the pupil with mydriacyl such as tropicamide is necessary

e.      None of the above

8.       Indications for placing paediatric patients in radiant warmer include the following except:

a.       For observation

b.      Hypothermia in patients with protein-energy malnutrition

c.       Neonatal sepsis

d.      Hypothyroidism

e.      None of the above

9.       Samples collected with fluoride oxalate vacutainer bottle can be used to aid the diagnosis of the following except:

a.       Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia

b.      Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome

c.       Protein-energy malnutrition

d.      Bacterial meningitis

e.      Severe malaria

10.   Which of the following is incorrect about correcting fluid and electrolytes in the body?

a.       Bicarbonate deficit is corrected using sodium bicarbonate with half of the calculated concentration being double diluted and given slowly by intravenous route over 15 to 20 minutes

b.      Mild dehydration can be corrected orally except where contraindication to oral feeding exists

c.       A boy weighing 9Kg with severe dehydration will need a maintenance fluid of 900mL

d.      Patients with hypernatraemic dehydration are usually well nourished infants fed with hyperosmotic formula feeds

e.      None of the above

ANSWERS:

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