PHARMACOLOGY: PRACTICE 5

SINGLE BEST OPTION SERIES

         INSTRUCTION: SELECT THE SINGLE BEST OPTION

1.          The incorrect statement about nateglinide is:
   a.       It stimulates insulin very rapid and transient release of insulin from beta cells through closure of the ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels
   b.      It is advantageous in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus partly because it restores the initial insulin release in response to intravenous glucose
   c.       It is highly unsafe in the presence of very reduced renal function
   d.      It has a special role in the treatment of isolated postprandial hyperglycaemia
   e.      The incidence of hypoglycaemia with this drug is lowest of all the insulin secretagogues
   2.       Side-effects of metformin usually include the following except:
   a.       Lactic acidosis
   b.      Anorexia, nausea and vomiting
   c.       Abdominal discomfort
   d.      Hepatic encephalopathy
   e.      Diarrhoea
   3.       Contraindications to using α-glucosidase inhibitors in the management of diabetes mellitus include the following except:
   a.       Inflammatory bowel disease
   b.      Renal impairment
   c.       Any intestinal condition that can be worsened by gas and distension
   d.      Alcoholism
   e.      None of the above
   4.       Usually, the second-line class of drugs in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus include the following except:
   a.       Insulin secretagogue
   b.      Biguanide
   c.       Incretin-based therapy
   d.      Amylin analog
   e.      Αlpha-glucosidase inhibitors
   5.       The following are available forms of insulin except:
   a.       Bovine
   b.      Porcine
   c.       Human
   d.      All of the above
   e.      None of the above
   6.       Which of the following is incorrect about isophane insulin-Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)?
   a.       It is a short-acting insulin
   b.      NPH has an onset of approximately 2 to 5 hours and duration of action of 4 to 12 hours
   c.       It is usually mixed with regular, lispro, aspart insulin
   d.      Their action is highly unpredictable
   e.      None of the above
   7.       Which of the following is incorrect about sulphonylureas?
   a.       Their major action is to increase insulin release from the pancreas
   b.      Long term administration of these drugs to diabetics reduces glucagon levels which may contribute to hypoglycaemic effect
   c.       Tolbutamine is a second generation sulphonylurea
   d.      Tolbutamine is well absorbed but rapidly metabolized in the liver
   e.      Because tolbutamine’s short half-life of 4 to 5 hours, it is the safest sulphonylurea for the elderly diabetics
   8.       Which of the following is the safest oral antidiabetic drug for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have very reduced renal function?
   a.       Glipizide
   b.      Nateglinide
   c.       Repaglinide
   d.      Glibenclamide
   e.      Chlorpropamide
   9.       Thiazolidinediones are ligands of:
   a.       Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein
   b.      Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma  
   c.       TSH receptors
   d.      TCF 7L2
   e.      Tubular Na⁺K⁺Cl^- pump
   10.   The following α-glucosidase enzymes are inhibited by miglitol except:
   a.       Sucrase
   b.      Maltase
   c.       Glucoamylase
   d.      Dextranase
   e.      None of the above
   
   
   
   
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